Optimización del enraizamiento y brotación en esquejes de Bougainvillea glabra Choisy con reguladores de crecimiento
Reproducción de bugambilia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60158/3xera837Palabras clave:
crecimiento vegetal, plantas ornamentales, promotores de crecimientoResumen
La propagación por esquejes de Bougainvillea glabra es una práctica clave en viveros ornamentales, pero su eficiencia depende de señales hormonales exógenas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres reguladores de crecimiento vegetal (RCV) comerciales, ProRoot® (ANA+IBA), BioGib® (GA₃) y ácido salicílico (AS) grado reactivo respecto a un control (agua) sobre el desempeño de esquejes de b. glabra a los 60 días después del trasplante. El ensayo se estableció en bloques completos al azar (tres repeticiones por tratamiento). Se registró el número total de rebrotes, hojas, raíces primarias y área foliar. Los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y las medias se compararon utilizando la prueba de Tukey. Todos los RCV mejoraron significativamente las variables respecto al control. BioGib promovió el crecimiento aéreo, con la mayor formación de brotes (5.78) y el mayor número de hojas (35.5). ProRoot destacó en el número de raíces, maximizando el número de raíces primarias. El AS mostró efectos intermedios y consistentes sobre brotación y enraizamiento. En conjunto, los resultados indican que la combinación estratégica de GA₃ (para vigor de la parte aérea) y auxinas (para inducción radicular) puede optimizar la producción de plántulas homogéneas y vigorosas de B. glabra en condiciones de vivero, mientras que el AS representa una alternativa de bajo costo con beneficios fisiológicos complementarios. Estos hallazgos ofrecen criterios prácticos para seleccionar RCV según el objetivo y las restricciones operativas del vivero.
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